Author: caesarwiratama

Because CFD solves general fluid dynamic equations (Navier-Stokes equation, or sometimes Lattice Boltzmann), it allows this program to solve complex turbulent, viscous, compressible, heat transfer, and much more; hence, the applications are also varied, ranging from aerospace, automotive, maritime, chemical process, energy generation, civil engineering, urban planning, electronics, consumer goods, bioengineering, and more. Using a… Read more

In real-world applications, there’s no fluid completely free from the effects of viscosity. However, the transition from inviscid to viscous modeling in numerical CFD modeling entails significantly different computational efforts. Inviscid models are mathematically straightforward, resulting in much faster computational times. Cases that can be modeled using inviscid approaches involve very high Reynolds numbers, where… Read more

For high-speed gas fluid flow (more than 0.3 speed of sound), the gas density, which is assumed to be constant in some simple modeling, can change due to significant pressure variations. The speed of sound is characterized by the Mach number, M, defined as follows: (2.13) Where c is the speed of sound in the… Read more

Some books define the three governing equations of fluids as the Navier-Stokes equations. However, it generally defined that the Navier-Stokes equations only represent the momentum equation. We will use the “NS equation” in the rest of this book as momentum equation. Below are explanations for each of the governing equations of fluid mechanics: Mass Conservation… Read more

1. Fluid Flow Parameters Pressure Pressure is defined as the force divided by the area perpendicular to the normal direction. (2.1) With F,n, and p are force vector, unit normal vector, surface area, and pressure, respectively. Figure 2.1. Normal vector of a surface By definition (in physics), this is the same as normal stress, but… Read more

Unlike solid mechanics, fluid mechanics theories have been quite challenging to solve analytically for centuries. Hence, the easiest way to analyze and make engineering innovations related to fluid flow phenomena has been through experiments. However, with the advancement of computational technology, it became possible for humans to solve highly complex discrete equations using computers within… Read more

Computational Fluid Dynamics, or CFD, is relatively new compared to the development of fluid mechanics theory itself. Basically, CFD is a method of numerical analysis that analyzes and solves fluid dynamics problems. The equation of fluid mechanics actually can be solved using general physics law, such as conservation of mechanical energy, Newton’s law, or conservation… Read more

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