k-Epsilon Standard, RNG, and Realizable Models

The standard κ-ε model, RNG κ-ε model, and the realizable κ-ε model all have the same form of transport equations for κ and ε. The fundamental differences among these models include:

1. Turbulent viscosity calculation method
2. Turbulent Prandtl Number controlling the turbulent diffusion of κ and ε
3. Creation and destruction terms in the ε equation

Reference:

Caesar Wiratama. Theory and Best Practices of Computational Fluid Dynamics. PT Tensor Karya Nusantara, Yogyakarta. 2025